Jefferson Vs Hamilton Essays - James Madison,

Jefferson Vs Hamilton Between Jefferson and Hamilton the two both wanted what was best for the newly formed country but just had different opinions on how to go about it. Hamilton wanted the United States to be governed by an aristocracy while Jefferson had his faith in the people and disagreed with Hamilton. On this basis the two had many disputes on issues in the country, such as the economy with farming and industry, the national bank, or how to interpret the Constitution. 1. Shipping and Manufacturing a. Jefferson-wanted U.S to be nation of farmers. b. Hamilton- encouraged shipping and manufacturing. c. One side result of this was Hamiltons proposal for a national bank d. Jefferson feared that the bank would encourage financial speculation and hurt farming interests. e. Also thought it would give government too much power. 2. Constitutional Interpretation a. Jefferson developed strict construction theory b. Says the government should assume only the powers expressly given it by the Constitution. c. Hamilton wanted loose interpretation of the Constitution d. Said that the government should assume all powers not expressly denied it. e. Washington favored Hamilton. Overall Hamilton and Jefferson were both great political leaders for the new developing nation, it needed a precedent on how to run the country and these two men had different manners of going about it. One wanted aristocracy to control, the other believed in the common people Hamilton wanted loose interpretation while Jefferson believed in strict interpretation. Overall it was good for the new country for two important men who wanted what they thought was best for the country and dispute over it, because it gave a choice between both sides in order to pick the best possible decision. Kasen Whitehouse History Essays

Joshua Reynolds Influence on Culture and Society

Joshua Reynolds Influence on Culture and Society Introduction Joshua Reynolds is one of the most famous artists of the 18th century. Reynolds was born in July 1723 in Plimpton St Maurice at Devon. He is widely known as one of the most influential painters of the 18th century. He has influenced a large number of people. He was among the top English painters of the century. His works specialized mainly on portraits and the promotion of Grand style that depended on idealizing the imperfect1. He is also widely known as one of the founders of the President of the Royal Academy.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua Reynolds’ Influence on Culture and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Joshua Reynolds’ career in art began in 1940 when he started his career as a portrait painter beginner or trainee. He was trained by Thomas Hudson until 1743. From 1748, Joshua Reynolds travelled to Rome where he took Old Masters. It was while he was studying at Rome th at he developed a passion for Grand Style. However, his work was slightly affected when a severe cold hampered his hearing ability. Joshua Reynolds also worked in London from 1753. He is widely known for his contribution to the development of the Royal Society of Arts. One of his major rivals was Thomas Gainsborough who was also a famous artist of the time. However, Joshua Reynolds managed to outperform all his rivals in the century due to his distinguishable work. His lectures are still useful to date and are widely used in art. He was known as one of the most determined individuals of his time. Discussion Through his reputation and great work in art, Joshua Reynolds had a significant social and cultural impact. His work significantly influenced other people, especially while interacting with others. He was engaged in various social activities, either as a lecturer, client or employee among others. His work during the 18th century can be attributed to his excellence in the work of arts. Due to his fame as a portrait painter, Joshua Reynolds attracted much interests. He constantly enjoyed communication with many wealth people, both men and women. He was able to gain charisma that made him more influential. He was mainly involved with the middle class. As a lecturer, Joshua Reynolds was very popular among his students. He used his lectures to provide artistic education among his student. He had a chance to communicate his ideologies among the young scholars. This implies that Joshua Reynolds may have had a massive impact on culture and other social aspects.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As one of the most dominant individuals in the development of the Royal Academy and as one of the main pillars of the academy, Joshua Reynolds played a significant role in determining what was to be taught to the students. Therefore, he has a significant influence on the graduates who studied at Royal Academy. Due to his popularity, Joshua Reynolds played a pivotal role in bringing together the famous figures of ‘The’ Club. The Club was a famous dining place in London that was formed by Joshua Reynolds and his friend Johnson. Through this club, Joshua Reynolds managed to change the people’s ways of life. The members were usually meeting once per week at seven p.m. However, the frequency of meeting was changed from weekly to fortnightly. Meanwhile, the parliament was in session. This club was composed of people of higher social ranks like merchants, barristers, writers, artists among others. One was required to meet certain conditions to be recruited to the club. During his time, the Battle of Ushant with the French took place. This was back in 1977. During this period, Keppel ordered the Channel Fleet2. However, no one could have been classified as a clear winner in the battle. Unconvinced, Keppel ordered another attack. Unfortunately to him, French escaped the bombardment. Later, Palliser and Keppel went at loggerheads which forced Palliser to bring charges against Keppel. In connection to this, Keppel was accused of overlooking his duties and also of several transgressions3. However, Keppel finally emerged as a winner when he was found innocent, and all the charges against him were nullified. This made him a national hero. After this trial, Joshua Reynolds made a portrait that was meant to demonstrate the trial. He demonstrated this by painting Keppel holdings a sword which symbolized the process of getting back his authority. Through such portraits, Joshua Reynolds portrayed to the eye of the public political views. Such a portrait can be very influential in affecting people’s views about certain leaders in the society. For instance, this particular portrait illustrates Keppel’s innocence. During his time, Joshua Reynolds conducted successful work when the English Rococo was in heig ht4. This style borrowed particular aspects from furniture style and architecture5. The style was very common among the bourgeois, who were also referred to as the owners of the means of production.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Joshua Reynolds’ Influence on Culture and Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It was also very common among the rising wealthy class in the society. In order to reinforce their wealth, this class used the work by Joshua Reynolds to boost their achievements. They also required the work of art to reinforce their beauty and magnificence. Therefore, Joshua Reynolds’s work was essential to the society. It was used by various groups to meet their goals effectively and efficiently, especially those which required influence. Through the Rococo style, Joshua Reynolds built a good relationship with the rich merchants. Meanwhile, there was a tremendous rise in the middle class and the wealthy businessmen in England. Consequently, the demand for Joshua Reynolds’s work rose significantly6. This is because the rising middle class highly demanded for his work. Joshua Reynolds managed to fulfill all their needs by providing quality portraiture style. In the Rococo era, people were free to pursue their goals in an effort to maximize their pleasure7. Therefore, this style became very common as the middle class grew bigger and bigger. Joshua Reynolds was very important in British paintings and other parts of Western countries. Joshua Reynolds played a pivotal role in defining various aspects in these parts8. He interacted and socialized with the elite class in London. The main bond between their relationships was facilitated by the demand and supply of influential Joshua Reynolds’s portraits. He had the ability to raise figureheads to a mythological level, the fact which pleased the subject significantly9. In the eighteenth century, the work of art was very significant in realizing gratification in man. This was more so due to the rise of bourgeois during the century. This was one of the factors that led to a high demand for Joshua Reynolds’s portraits. They were a source of gratification for beauty, and also as a means to gain certain favor10. Tt helped people during this time to meet their needs. Joshua Reynolds’s art directed and reflected his ideas about the society. For instance, he was convinced that position of the poor was divinely ordained and not to be disturbed11.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He further argued that it was only the higher social ranks that had the ability and the freedom to use the work of art as a way of promoting their transition from the life of brute sensuality to one of civilized reason12. In other words, Reynolds was mainly influential to the higher social ranks. This is the reason why the demand for his portraits increased with a rise of the middle class. One of the major public figures who benefited from Joshua Reynolds’s paintings was Lord Heathfield13. Heathfield once became a hero for defending Gibraltar during its great siege. To illustrate this, Joshua depicted Heathfield in front of dark clouds holding key in the right hand. The figure was to maintain his social superiority or his contribution for defending Gibraltar. The painting was very significant as it presented the history of defense of Gibraltar. Consequently, it contributed to spreading the fame of the leaders. For instance, Heathfield’s portrait illustration suggests t hat he went against many challenges in his attempt to defend Gibraltar. This is depicted by the dark clouds. However, he managed to win as the key tied in his right hand illustrates. Joshua Reynolds portraits were also believed to have religious meaning. For instance, Heathfield is depicted holding a key which is an analogy of the key St Peter who possessed the keys to Heaven. In this case, Heathfield is presented as an important person in the society whose efforts defended Gibraltar. Joshua Reynolds supported Burke’s views on the French revolution. He was therefore convinced that the French Revolution would be disastrous. This is because it did not consider the complexity of human nature. He believed that the human nature was not compatible with the human behavior. Through writing in early 1790s, Joshua Reynolds argued that France was falling because of spending too much time tending14 (Bennett 1998). He further argued that lack of emphasis on the manufacturing and trade was the main cause of the problem. In conclusion, this discussion has clearly revealed that Joshua Reynolds was one of the most influential artists of the 18th century. He had a significant social and cultural impact on the society. His portraits were highly demanded by the wealthy merchants, businessmen, and people from other high social ranks to meet their needs. His work was also used by the leaders to create good image in the eyes of the public15. His work also played a significant role in civilizing the society. Joshua Reynolds works also changed major social issues. For instance, he was strongly opposed towards the French Revolution. He argued that it would lead to losses rather than gains. Therefore, he urged people to refrain from engaging in the revolution through his work. He also influenced people through his lectures. He used his paintings to drive his ideas to the society. His lectures were known to be extremely sensitive and perceptive. Bibliography Anonymous. â€Å"Josh ua Reynolds.† Artble, 2011. Web. Bennett, Tony. Culture: A Reformers Science. New York: SAGE, 1998. Bennet, Tony. Culture. Australia: SAGE Publications, 1992. Brennan, Teresa. Vision in context: historical and contemporary perspectives on sight. New York: Routledge, 1996. Ferguson. Art. New York: Ferguson, 2008. Huntington Art Gallery. â€Å"Out of the Shadows: Joshua Reynolds’ Celebrity Portraiture and the Market for Mezzotints in 18th-Century Britain.† Huntington, 2011. Web. Hurl, Estelle. Sir Joshua Reynolds: A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Painter with Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Malone, Edmond. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds. To Which Is Prefixed An Account Of The Life And Writings Of The Author. U.S.A: Oxford University, 1801. Northcote, James. Memoirs Of Sir Joshua Reynolds: To Which Are Added, Varieties On Art. New York: M. Carey Son, 1817. Northcote, James. The Life Of Sir Joshua Reynol ds: Comprising Original Anecdotes Of Many Distinguished Persons, His Contemporaries; And A Brief Analysis Of His Discourses. New York: Henry Colburn, 1819. Reynolds, Joshua. Joshua Reynolds Seven Discourses Delivered In The Royal Academy. U.S.A: T. Ladell, 1778. Reynolds, Joshua., Malone, Edmond and Gray, Thomas. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight ; Late President Of The Royal Academy: Containing His Discourses ; Idlers ; A Journey To Flanders And Holland, And His Commentary On Du Fresnoys Art Of Painting. U.S.A: T. Cadell. 1801. Reynolds, Joshua. The Complete Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds: First President Of The Royal Academy: With An Original Memoir, And Anecdotes Of The Author, Volume 1. New York: T. MLean, 1824. Reynolds, Joshua. The Literary Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President Of The Royal Academy By Joshua Reynolds. London: Cadell, 1830. Wendorf, Richard. Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. U.S.A: Harvard University Press, 1998. Footnotes 1 Joshua Reyno lds. The Literary Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, First President Of The Royal Academy By Joshua Reynolds. London: Cadell, 1830. 2 Edmond, Malone. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds. To Which Is Prefixed An Account Of The Life And Writings Of The Author. U.S.A: Oxford University, 1801. 3 Joshua, Reynolds. The Complete Works of Sir Joshua Reynolds: First President Of The Royal Academy: With An Original Memoir, And Anecdotes Of The Author, Volume 1. New York: T. MLean, 1824. 4 Joshua, Reynolds., Edmond, Malone and Thomas, Gray. The Works Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Knight ; Late President Of The Royal Academy: Containing His Discourses ; Idlers ; A Journey To Flanders And Holland, And His Commentary On Du Fresnoys Art Of Painting. U.S.A: T. Cadell. 1801. 5 James, Northcote. The Life Of Sir Joshua Reynolds: Comprising Original Anecdotes Of Many Distinguished Persons, His Contemporaries; And A Brief Analysis Of His Discourses. New York: Henry Colburn, 1819. 6 James, Northcote. Memoirs Of Sir Jo shua Reynolds: To Which Are Added, Varieties On Art. New York: M. Carey Son, 1817. 7 Teresa, Brennan. Vision in context: historical and contemporary perspectives on sight. New York: Routledge, 1996. 8 Joshua, Reynolds. Joshua Reynolds Seven Discourses Delivered In The Royal Academy. U.S.A: T. Ladell, 1778. 9 Richard, Wendorf. Sir Joshua Reynolds: The Painter in Society. U.S.A: Harvard University Press, 1998. 10 Huntington Art Gallery. â€Å"Out of the Shadows: Joshua Reynolds’ Celebrity Portraiture and the Market for Mezzotints in 18th-Century Britain.† Huntington, 2011. 11 Ferguson. Art. New York: Ferguson, 2008. 12 Hurl, Estelle. Sir Joshua Reynolds: A Collection of Fifteen Pictures and a Portrait of the Painter with Introduction and Interpretation. New York: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. 13 Anonymous. â€Å"Joshua Reynolds.† Artble, 2011. 14 Bennett, Tony. Culture: A Reformers Science. New York: SAGE, 1998. 15 Bennet, Tony. Culture. Australia: SAGE Publication s, 1992.

Customer Loyalty in Airline Industry Dissertation

Customer Loyalty in Airline Industry - Dissertation Example The paper also looks for elucidating the factors that could eclipse the level and scope of loyalty towards the airline industry. In addition to this, the paper is determined to suggest solutions, which may enhance the customer satisfaction and dedication to the industry to a great extent. The current study was carried out by focusing on two different populations sharing and differing the traits and characteristics. The first study has been carried out on the individuals that were directly or indirectly associated with the airline, traveling and tourism industries, and hence will include the corporate class and community rendering services in the airline industry. Similarly, the second study has been conducted on the customers and end-users that were frequent in setting out to the journeys through airplanes, where they certainly travel through planes at least once in two months. The study demonstrated a strong association between the provision of superior services at the competitive p rice on the one side and customer dedication and loyalty on the other. Hence, the study endorsed the proposition that it was the high quality and low price of the products that played a central role in respect of obtaining customer satisfaction. The research findings endorse the price factor enquired in the research question, though it does not ratify the great significance of the brand name as an imperative factor for buying the airline services. However, the place of international brands cannot be negated altogether due to the very fact that nearly half of the population viewed brand name as an important thing in respect of retaining their loyalty and commitment. In the same way, the attitude and behavior of the crew and ground staff also matter, along with the condition, overhauling, and cleanliness of the aircraft. Besides, the customers also seek the strict observing of punctuality and regularity from their favorite airline industry. In addition to this, traditionalism is also looked for by the noteworthy proportion of the respondents in the airline industry of their choice, though innovation and modernity are always welcomed alongside conventional ways of presentations.

Ways We Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ways We Change - Essay Example Sometimes, the process of change takes place automatically and sometimes, one has to push himself to be a part of a particular change process as mostly, people are afraid of the consequences of the change and therefore are resistant to it. However, humans have to face the monster of change in every step they take. So, changing is an intrinsic feature of human nature. The foremost reason highly observed for being involved in the â€Å"change process† is, as human beings grow up, they get to understand themselves better; their likes, dislikes, feelings, values, preferences, environment and surroundings. All these things make up his mind whether to change himself or not. The living needs of the world, the circumstances around us and the prerequisites to survive in this competitive world actually pushes an individual to change himself in almost all the areas of life. The change process of anything can be divided into four steps; pre-contemplation, contemplation, action and maintenance. In pre-contemplation, one tries to resist the change process and not thinks about it. Then, in contemplation, one starts to think about changing by weighing the pros and cons of change. Afterwards, in action, one tries to take steps to adopt the change process and lastly in the maintenance stage, one tries to preserve the momentum of the change and tries not to dissuade the change. Human life is full of examples where he/she has to pass through the change process. Educational Traveling is one such example. Mostly, students have to go abroad for higher studies. They have to adapt themselves according to the culture, values, traditions and norms of that particular country and have to adapt themselves to their educational system. Further, talking about marriage, as one gets married, he has to go through an immense kind of change process; he has to mould his habits according to the likes and dislikes of his partner. He has to forgo his careless nature and has to be

How can technological change have an impact on the operating Essay

How can technological change have an impact on the operating environment of a global business - Essay Example The multinational organisations should work and invest on the research and development activities in order to come up with different innovative ideas to create competitive edge over other competitors in the industry (Amable, Barre, & Boyer, 1997). Operating Environment of a Global Business: The operating environment of a global business can be classified as internal business environment and external business environment. It is important for the organisations to carefully analyse and evaluate the overall operating environment and come up with strategies which facilitate the organisations in the process of enhancing and improving their internal environment and competencies on the basis of the changes in the external environment. There are different strategic tools and methods used for the evaluation and analysis of the internal and external environment of the organisation (Freeman, 2010). For instance the internal environment is analysed with the help of the VRIO framework and resource based view. This framework allows the organisation to identify the internal competencies and skills which can be converted into competitive advantage (Freeman, 2010). On the other hand the external environment is analysed with the help of the PESTEL framework and Porter’s five forces. ... factors can act either on national level or international level, at the same time the influence of each of these factors is directly dependent on the nature of the market (Freeman, 2010). Hence, it is important for the multinational organisations to carefully plan and execute the strategies on the basis of the external environment factors. On the other hand Porter’s five forces try to evaluate the impact of competitors and other important forces in the organisation including suppliers’ power, customers’ power, competitive forces, substitutes, and potential entrants (Freeman, 2010). Hence, it can be said that the strategic choices of the organisations are dependent on the environmental factors along with the availability of the resources and internal competencies. These elements allow the organisation to evaluate the technological changes and the resulting innovations. Along with this the bases of competitive advantage allows the organisation to decide that whethe r they will be innovation leader or innovation follower. The choices regarding the sustaining competitive advantages allow the organisations to manage the overall process of innovation along with the issues of the globalisation and intellectual property rights. Lastly, there are decisions related to the competition and collaboration (Freeman, 2010). Technological Changes and Innovations: Out of the all macro environmental factors the impact of the technological changes and innovations on the operating environment of the organisations is being increasingly discussed. The technological changes and innovations have been forcing the organisations to continuously change and enhance the products and processes (Christensen, 1997). There are several reasons behind the technological changes, for instance it can be

Designing an automated lawn mower

Designing an automated lawn mower Chapter 1: Introduction to the study Background to the research The first lawn mower was contrivance in 1827 and patented in 1830 by Edwin Beard Budding, an engineer from Stroud, Gloucestershire, England. He got this idea after seeing a machine in a textile industry, they used a cutting cylinder (or bladed reel) mounted on a bench to trim cloth to make a smooth finish after weaving. Budding realized that a similar concept would enable the cutting of grass if the mechanism could be mounted in a wheeled frame to make the blades rotate close to the lawns surface. First lawn mower was all made of cast iron and featured a large rear roller with a cutting cylinder (reel) in the front. Cast iron gear wheels transmitted power from the rear roller to the cutting cylinder. These machines were remarkably similar to modern mowers. By 2000, robotic are most important things in the future, no matter if they are used to work in industry or at our homes, mimic some of the human capabilities, or used to access dangerous environments, launched to space, or simply used to play with. They are help to reduce human dependencies in performing a task and to reduce time for production while maintaining consistent quality of production outputs. Robotic devices are commonly used in manufacturing industries and for domestic use as well. Modern houses normally garden with grass need to be maintained at a short height, is most user upset. Traditional lawn mowing is often a trouble, dangerous and time consuming in cutting the grass. The task of manual lawn mowing can be replaced by automatic lawn mower using a robot programmed to perform such task. A automatic lawn mower is designed and installed in this project. Automatic Lawn mower also can act as an aid to homeowners who can no longer perform physically demanding tasks, such as the elderly or disabled. On the residential side, many elderly and disabled enjoy lawn maintenance, but are no longer able to enjoy the satisfaction of maintaining their own lawn due to the physical demands of traditional lawn mowing equipment. These researches (automatic lawn mowers) are very elderly and disabled friendly with the simple. Automatic lawn mower also has the Perfect Balance Between Eco-friendly and Practicality. Robots are very expensive, not any people really want to buy costly robotic devices. Create a low cost inexpensive automatic lawn mower will allow house owners to maintain their lawn without spending much time and money. An autonomous robot can mow the lawn of a given specific area of the garden without any human supervision. Research problem / Research question However with the continuous development, several resources also make the arbitrary abuse. Oil coal resources are depleting shortages of energy and serious pollution. In the 20th century, energy crisis is any great bottleneck (or price rise) in the supply of energy resources to an economy. It usually refers to the shortage of oil and additionally to electricity or other natural resources. An energy crisis may be referred to as an oil crisis, petroleum crisis, energy shortage, electricity shortage or electricity crisis. The near future, the petroleum crisis already is a very big problem. Globality by way of disburden, they would increase the petroleum price, and debase their expense. Still got another country, hit sb. when hes down increase the petroleum price, and gain profit. Market failure is possible when monopoly manipulation of markets occurs. A crisis can develop due to industrial actions like union organized strikes and government embargoes. The cause may be over-consumption, ageing infrastructure and sometimes bottlenecks at oil refineries and port facilities restrict fuel supply. That crisis involves the industry, business, carrying trade, until economic policy. In response to the petroleum crisis, the principles of green energy and sustainable living movements gain popularity. This has led to increasing interest in alternate power/fuel research such as fuel cell technology, liquid nitrogen economy, hydrogen fuel, biodiesel, solar energy, geothermal energy, tidal energy, wave power, and wind energy, and fusion power. Rotary mowers can throw out debris with tremendous force is one of the most dangerous tools around the home. Each year, approximately 80,000 people with injuries caused by power mowers were treated in emergency departments. More than 9,000 of the people hurt were younger than 18 years. Lawn mower injuries include deep cuts, loss of fingers and toes, broken and dislocated bones, burns, and eye and other injuries. Some injuries are very serious. Both users of mowers and those who are nearby can be hurt. More than 20 percent of lawn mower injuries involving the hands, fingers or wrist. Some time the users want to adjust the height of the mowers wheels, forget pull out the spark plug after that the lawn mower suddenly turns on. When the user use lawn mower also need to make sure all debris (rocks, sticks and toys) are removed from the yard before you begin mowing. Loose objects can project out of the lawn mower and cause serious injury. Aims and objectives In the course of design and installation of an autonomous robot, the following criteria are set to fulfill its objectives: The robot must cutting grass in the surface area The robot must not be too costly and be affordable to all The lawn mower cutting tool can be adjustable with servo motor The robot also can be rechargeable energy with solar planer. To provide an automated lawn mower which follows a programmed path of data point without the use of calibration marker, lights, wires, or buried conductors To provide an automated lawn mower that is versatile in programming such that it can be maneuvered to follow any physically possible path including crossing over itself and reversal of direction Justification for the research On the residential side, many elderly and disabled enjoy lawn maintenance, but are no longer able to enjoy the satisfaction of maintaining their own lawn due to the physical demands of traditional lawn mowing equipment. These researches (automatic lawn mowers) are very elderly and disabled friendly with the simple. Methodology Automated lawn mower, are mower automatically along the edge of a swath which has been cut within or around an area of uncut grass. That includes a sensor assembly mounted on the front of the mower to detect the edge of the swath by sensing the different in height between uncut grass and the cut grass in the swath. In front of the lawn mower, also got a one touch sensor, that means it will be automatic avoid collision with obstacles along its pathway. Automated lawn mower also can adjustable the cutting tool about 1cm~3cm, this function is let the user choose which height with the grass. This mower using the solar planer to generate the power, and rechargeable lithium battery, let the mower moving more time. Conclusion Automatic grass cutters are environmentally friendly (no petrol, oil or emissions). No need bagging and disposal of clippings is eliminated. It also can healthy and beautiful looking lawn. In addition to environmental protection, also can save user time and money. Chapter 2 : Literature review Most people do not associate air pollution with mowing the lawn. Yet emissions from lawn mowers, snow blowers, chain saws, leaf vacuums, and similar outdoor power equipment are a significant source of pollution. Todays small engines emit high levels of carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless, poisonous gas. They also emit hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides, pollutants that contribute to the formation of ozone. While ozone occurs naturally in the upper atmosphere and shields the earth from harmful radiation, ozone at ground level is a noxious pollutant. Ground-level ozone impairs lung function, inhibits plant growth, and is a key ingredient of smog. Each weekend, about 54 million Americans mow their lawns, using 800 million gallons of gas per year and producing tons of air pollutants. Garden equipment engines, which have had unregulated emissions until very recently, emit high levels of carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, producing up to 5% of the nations air pollution and a good deal more in metropolitan areas. According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a traditional gas powered lawn mower produces as much air pollution as 43 new cars each is being driven 12,000 miles. Among various types of outdoor equipment, lawn mowers are an important contributor to community noise, with the blades contributing up to 50% of noise (Tauro Mann III, 1997). Lawn mowers can be just as loud as leaf blowers. According to the Canadian Hearing Society (1991), lawn mowers can emit 80-96 dB(A) when measured at a distance of three feet. Like gas-powered leaf blowers, gas-powered lawn mowers emit air pollutants. As indicated in Table 4 below, these air pollutants include hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These emissions represent less than 5% of the total emissions of these individual pollutants in Canada, except for hydrocarbons, which are nearly 14% of total hydrocarbon emissions (Environment Canada, 1994). Two-stroke lawn mowers tend to be more polluting than four-stroke models. For example, one study found that lawn mowers with two-stroke engines emit hydrocarbons at an average rate in excess of seven times the rate of emission from lawn mowers with four-stroke engines (Priest et al., 2000). Evaporative fuel emissions from lawn mowers are estimated to be 5.8 grams/day (Wong, 2001). Lawn mowers can be more polluting than driving a car. One half-hour of lawn mowing with a typical walk-behind mower produces as much hydrocarbon emissions as driving a 1995 automobile for about 100 miles or 160 kilometres (California Air Resources Board, 2000). A Swedish study found that the emissions produced from a lawn mower engine during one hour of operation were around 4000 ÃŽÂ ¼g/h; this is comparable to driving more than 150 km in a car with a three-way catalytic converter (Christensen Westerholm, 2001). Both lawn mower users and bystanders can be exposed to noise and air pollutant emissions. Figures from Statistics Canada indicate that there were 5,850,000 lawn mowers in Canada in 1985, the majority of which were gas-powered (73.3%). There were comparatively fewer electric (23.9%) and push mowers (2.8%) (Environment Canada, 1994). Most lawn mowers that are available in the Canadian marketplace are imported (Maillette, 2001). According to information obtained from Statistics Canada, 126 walk-behind lawn mowers were imported into Canada during 1996-1999. Figures on domestic production of lawn mowers are not available from Industry Canada (Maillette, 2001). Automatic lawn mower (e.g., lawn mowers) contribute to noise and air pollution that can adversely affect human health and the environment, minimize noise, exhaust and evaporative emissions from lawn/garden equipment and protect public health. Chapter 3 : Concept development and evaluation Timing Belt Belt driver are provides a convenient means for transferring power from one shaft to another. Belt are frequently necessary to reduce the higher rotative speed of electric motors to the lower values required by mechanical equipment. But in this project are contrary, because the cutting tools need a top speed to operate. Normally in industrial, are using two general type of belt driver, v-belt and timing belt (synchronous belt). Since the cost of v-belt is relatively low, the power output of a v-belt system may be increased by operating several belts side by side. All belts in the drive should stretch at the same time rate in order to keep the load equally divided among them. When one of the belts breaks, the entire group must usually be replaced. The drive may be inclined at any angle with a tight side at either the top or bottom. Since belts can operate on relatively small pulleys, large reduction of the speed in a single drive are possible. E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_08 Feb. 12 22.14.gifE:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_06 Feb. 12 21.53.gif Pitch diameter of a pulley P = No teeth on pulley x Drop distance d = Belt contact angle ÃŽÂ ± = arc sin [C = centre distance] Belt fall length fl = Contact length small pulley CL2 = Contact length big pulley CL1 = Belt length L = 2(fl) + CL1+ CL2 Total number of teeth on belt = Big pulley, P1 = No teeth on pulley x = 38 x = 61.4465mm Small pulley, P2 = No teeth on pulley x = 18 x = 29.1063mm Drop distance, d = = = 16.1701mm Belt contact angle, ÃŽÂ ± = arc sin [C = centre distance] = arc sin = 7.87Â ° Belt fall length , fl = = 116.9815mm Contact length small pulley, CL2 = = = 41.7221mm Contact length big pulley, CL1 = = 61.4465 = 104.9601mm Belt length, L = 2(fl) + CL1+ CL2 = 2(116.9815mm) + 104.9601mm + 41.7221mm = 380.6452mm E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_04 Feb. 12 21.49.gif Using micromagic system software determine the belt length. E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_05 Feb. 12 21.53.gif Imperial XL section ht = 1.27mm p = 5.08mm hs = 2.30mm Spur gear E:ycUCTIUC4F1012MEFinal Year ProjNew folderScreenHunter_01 Feb. 15 11.03.gif Spur Gear Formula 14 degree Pressure Angle 20 and 25 degree Pressure angle Addendum, a a = a = Dedendum, b b = b = Pitch diameter, D D = D = Outside diameter, Do Do = Do = Number of teeth, N N = D x P N = D x P Tooth thickness, t t = t = Whole depth, ht ht = ht = Clearance, c c = c = Center distance, C C = C = Working depth, hk hk = hk = Chordal tooth thickness, tc tc = D sin () tc = D sin () Chordal addendum, ac ac = a + ac = a + Diametral pitch, P P = P = Center distance, C C = C = Ball and roller bearings A ball bearing usually consists of four parts: an inner ring, an outer ring, the balls and the cage or separator. To increase the contact area and permit larger loads to be carried, the ball run in curvilinear grooves in the rings. The radius of the groove is slightly larger than the radius of the ball, and very slight amount of radial play must be provided. The bearing it thus permitted to adjust itself to small amounts of angular misalignment in the assembled shaft and mounting. The separator keeps the balls evenly space and prevents them from touching each in the sides, where their relative velocities are the greatest. Ball bearings are made in a wide variety of type and size. Single row radial bearings are made in four series. Extra light, light, medium, and heavy, for each bore, as illustrated in Fig 1

Essay --

Applying Information Security and SDLC to Business BIS320 June 4, 2012 â€Æ' Introduction Books-A-Million is a good representative business which faces numerous IT security challenges and serves thousands of customers annually from local locations as well as through internet sales. Books-A-Million has seen declining sales in recent years while competitor Amazon.com has seen growth through extremely strong internet sales as well as innovative applications which recommend selections to customers. Our team has made recommendations to establish a new technology application similar to Amazon’s offering to increase Books-A-Million competitiveness and regain lost sales. Our team has also reviewed multiple security risks and developed a preventive plan as well as disaster recovery plan in the event of a security break or other disaster. Books-A-Million In 1917 starting out as a street corner newsstand in Florence, Alabama Books-A-Million (BAM) was founded. The corporate offices are now based in Birmingham Alabama. Books-A-Million Inc. has since grown into the nation’s 3rd largest book retailing chain (behind Amazon and Barnes and Noble). The company presently has 257 stores located in 31 states, including the District of Columbia. BAM 2012 Annual Report confirms â€Å"of the 257 stores, 204 are superstores that operate under the names Book-A-Million (BAM), Books & Co. and 2nd & Charles, and 53 are traditional stores that operate under the Bookland and Books-a-Million name†. In addition to retail stores the organization comprises of an e-commerce subsidiary operating as booksamillion.com and American Wholesale Book Company (a book wholesale and distribution division). The company’s mission statement â€Å"books are just the beginning† ... ...eview (2012) Books-A-Million Review, Retrieved from: http://www.givemeareview.com/online-book-stores/BooksAMillion.html Market Watch, The Wall Street Journal (2012) Annual Financials for Books-A-Million Inc.Retrieved from: http://www.marketwatch.com/investing/stock/bamm/financials SearchSoftwarequality, 2009 retrieved from www.searchsoftwarequality.com ScienceDaily, 2010 retrieved from http://searchsoftwarequality.techtarget.com/definition/systems-development-life-cycle The Free Library, Business Wire (2002) Books-A-Million to Install Wincor Nixdorf's BEETLE Point-of-Sale Systems At 204 Stores. Retrieved from: http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Books-A-Million+to+Install+Wincor+Nixdorf%27s+BEETLE+Point-of-Sale...-a081772964 UAB. Culverhouse College of Commerce (2012). Capstone Team Projects. http://cba.ua.edu/mis/undergraduate/capstone-experience/projects

Motivation Evaluation Essay

Motivation Evaluation Motivation has three major viewpoints consisting of psychoanalytic, humanistic, and diversity (McAdams, 2009). Another approach to human motivations is Henry Murray’s theory. These views can help a person understand the motivations of others. In the case of Ted Bundy, using these viewpoints can help understand the reasons behind his motives for becoming a serial killer. Psychoanalytic view At an early age, Ted Bundy became interested in disturbing objects such as knives (bio. True Story, 2013). This was only the beginning however. As a teenager Bundy began looking through people’s windows and stealing (bio. True Story, 2013). In an interview before his death, he told psychologist James C. Dobson that pornography especially those that depicted violent sexual relations fueled his reasons (interview, January 23, 1989). This fits into Freud’s view that motivation comes from our sexual and aggressive urges (McAdams, 2009). Humanistic view Humanists believe that people’s motives stem from wanting to better themselves (McAdams, 2009). While Bundy’s murderous crimes do not convey a person who is trying to better their self his academic and social life does. After Bundy learned his sister was actually his mother and the devastating break up between him and his girlfriend he threw himself into his studies and graduated with honors (bio, 2013). Bundy also became a republican campaigner for the governor of Washington who wrote him a letter of recommendation for law school (bio. True Story, 2013). Diversity view The diversity view believes that people are motivated by a number of things (McAdams, 2009). The reason for Bundy’s rampage on killing women falls under the diversity view because pornography is not believed to be his only reason. While in college he fell in love with a woman who did not reciprocate the feelings he did (bio, 2013). His victims during his killing spree shared her physical characteristics; it is possible this heart break  drove him to doing harm to women who resembled her (bio, 2013). Henry Murray’s Theory Another view of motivation comes from Henry Murray. He believes that a person’s motivation comes from time and its force includes needs, press, and thema (McAdams, 2009). Needs are constructs of the brain that deals with human thinking, perceiving, strivings, and feelings (McAdams, 2009). Press is, according to McAdams (2009) â€Å"various situational constraints and opportunities for need expression â€Å"(279). The repeated interaction between the two is called the thema (McAdams, 2009). Conclusion The psychoanalytic perspective believes that motivations come from our sexual and aggressive urges; the humanistic believes that these motives stem from wanting to better ourselves, and the diversity view states that there are numerous motives for individual actions (McAdams, 2009). Another view point is found from Henry Murray who discusses how a person’s needs motivate them. Ted Bundy was a serial killer who’s motives could be explained using each one of the viewpoints including how his ambitions to kill started and what could have possibly pushed him over his hypothetical ledge. Reference bio.. (2013). Ted Bundy Biography. Retrieved from http://www.thebiographychannel.co.uk/biographies/ted-bundy.html bio. True Story. (2013). Ted Bundy. biography. Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/ted-bundy-9231165?page=1 McAdams, D. P. (2009). The person: An introduction to the science of personality psychology (5th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Macbeth Commentary Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays

Macbeth Commentary Essays - Characters In Macbeth, Free Essays Macbeth Commentary Macbeth Commentary In Macbeths speech about the witches telling him their prophecies, central and dramatic purpose are given in more than one way. Macbeths aside is mainly an inward conflict in a case of man versus himself. Many times in the passage, Macbeth relays signs of fear but with reward near by. Contained in Macbeths aside are very important elements of dramatic purpose as well as a central purpose that foreshadows the underlying theme of the whole play. Central purpose is achieved through Macbeths arguments with himself and the tone he conveys. He asks himself questions, attempting to work them out in his head, giving the reader a short psychoanalysis of what he is thinking and why. The central purpose in the passage is that of ultimate betrayal. The witches have given him prophecies that he will become Thane of Cawdor and later the King of Scotland and one thinks that will please Macbeth but in actuality it wreaks havoc with his emotions and feelings. If good, why do I yield to that suggestion whose horrid image doth unfix my hair and make my seated heart knock at my ribs...? is a question posed by Macbeth to himself. The use of such rhetoric lets the reader realize that there is inevitably something wrong with Macbeth becoming king and that something will have to go down before his success. Showing the reader that there is evil masked among the great success, gives off images of betrayal and also that nothing is ever as it seems. Dramatic purpose is shown in many ways throughout the passage. The main instrument used to advance the drama in the passage are the questions that Macbeth asks himself. The questions reveal that something is wrong and that Macbeth feels insecure about receiving these positions, showing how much evil is rustling beneath the glory. Also boosting the drama is Macbeths repetition of words favoring darkness. If ill...., ...horrid images..., and ...whose murder..., all reemphasize the fact that above all, darkness is ever present in the passage. In the passage from Macbeth, dramatic purpose and central purpose are conveyed to show the ultimate image of darkness and eventual betrayal of Duncan by Macbeth. Although slight, Shakespeare skillfully goes around the point and turns the words into more a foreshadowing image that a tell-all image. The tact in Shakespeares language is essential the reader understanding the complexities of the play.

Beware! 10 Things That Can Make You Fail Finals

Beware! 10 Things That Can Make You Fail Finals Finals are the necessary evil of your college experience. Like a bad roommate, they seem like all their good for is ruining your sleep, stressing you out, and making it impossible to do anything fun. The problem is, if you’re not proactive about kicking your finals in the butt, they’re going to get you first. The best way to succeed at finals is the rule know your enemy. Find out the ways that you can end up being unprepared for your finals – and work on a strategy of avoiding these things and nailing your final exams like a pro. Bad Sleep Many students study for a test the night before and most of them dont do that effectively. If you’re up all night playing Call of Duty, seven days a week, you’re setting yourself up for failure. Not only is it bad for your study habits (unless you’re studying for your â€Å"21st Century Weaponry† course), but it’s taxing for your brain. Be smart and leave your late-night shooting sessions for after finals week. Tip: Try to get a really good night’s rest at least 2 nights before your exam. Get at least 6 hours of sleep the night before the big day. Choose the best time to study for finals. Bad Food You’re trying to keep your whole system going on just Red Bull and pizza? You’re setting yourself up for a fall. High calorie, low-nutrient foods like these make it more difficult for your neurons to fire, which means that you’re not thinking as well as you could be. Do your brain a favor and eat brain-boosting food before exam. Tip: Eat protein-rich food before exam. Include eggs, nuts, yogurt, milk and whole-grain cereal in your pre-exam breakfast and you will feel increase in energy and brain activity. Bad Friends Anyone who is coming around your apartment during finals week and being loud and obnoxious is not really your friend. You need to eliminate all the excess noise, commotion, and stress while you’re trying to prep for these important tests and projects. Tip:Tell your insensitive friends to take a hike – until the week is over. Avoid people who are too nervous about finals dont let them making you nervous as well. Remember that solitude and quite music is better than loud company and destructive, negative mood of your roommate before exams. Bad Media Every time you sit down to write that final paper, what do you end up doing for hours? Probably, Facebook, Twitter, or online videos of some sort. These will undermine your chance for success, mostly because it is so easy to waste hours of vital prep time on them. Tip: Turn off your social media with an app like AntiSocial. Bad Studying Are you spinning your wheels highlighting frantically and trying to rote memorize historical dates? Research shows that highlighting alone is not effective for gathering information, especially during short-term cram sessions. Tip: Study smarter by skimming texts, creating interactive memory banks, or putting your information to music. Bad Cheating If you’re stressed out and unprepared, cheating might look like an awfully good idea. Cheating is a high-risk, low-reward activity that might get you flunked out of your class or out of your college for good. Tip: Instead of cheating, take some time and buckle down to your studies. You’ll learn more and be able to actually finish your degree. Bad Relationships Does it seem like your significant other starts to get pouty around finals week? Do you get into more arguments when he or she feels like you’re spending too much time studying? This person, while undeniably hot, is not good for you during finals week. Tip: Talk to them ahead of time and explain how important it is for you to focus. If they throw a fit, maybe it’s time to take a break – they clearly don’t have your best interests in mind. Bad Teachers Rarely, you’ll get a teacher who is just no good. This person might not know the material, or they may just give you a final that has nothing to do with the coursework they’ve been presenting for the past 3 months. Tip: If you get a test that is completely out of the ballpark (or that is poorly written, communicated, or graded), don’t be afraid to go to your counselor and the department chair. It’s likely that the teacher is tanking many more students and needs to be reprimanded. Bad Attendance There is a small group of students who think that they are so smart, they don’t really need to show up for class in order to get a good final grade. Not true. Many colleges actually factor your attendance into your final grade. And, there are often many questions on the final that come directly from the lectures. Tip: Make sure you’re there every chance you get so you have a better chance of acing the exam. Bad Anxiety Nothing tanks your finals score like feeling you’re going to fail. If you have test-taking anxiety issues, it’s likely you will freeze up during the test. Tip: Consider some positive affirmations or stress-relieving activities beforehand. Also, talk with your teacher about possible alternative settings or options so that you don’t freeze during the exam. Have any other tips or suggestions? Go ahead and share them in the comments below!

Impressionism Paintings Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Impressionism Paintings - Research Paper Example The essay "Impressionism Paintings" explores paintings of impressionism. Impressionism defines a painting movement that originated in France in the 19th Century. Impressionism was predominantly an art movement that dealt with painting at the time it was established, but later extended its scope and integrated music into its practices and artworks. The major activities of the movement became most popular towards the end of the 19th Century and at the beginning of the 20th Century. During this period, France chiefly ran the activities that comprised what the movement was engaged in. The years 1867 and 1886 were the core of expressionist painting, and the artworks produced within this period were more or less associated with artists who shared similar or almost similar mindsets. The approaches and/or techniques that artists in the impressionism movement employed in developing their work were shared amongst themselves, thereby establishing strong ties and relations among the involved par ties. One of the most outstanding factors in impressionism is the accurate and objective visual representation of reality through manipulating light and color effects. The approaches and/or techniques that impressionist painters used uniquely captured reality in variant ways, all of which were unique to individual painters and confined within impressionism. Although there were many impressionist painters in this movement, there are a number of painters that shaped and influenced the entire movement.

What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage Assignment

What Shamu Taught Me About a Happy Marriage - Assignment Example The theory of approximation or rewards on positive behavior which Sutherland uses on her husband to train him to keep things in place reminds me that the same can be used to teach kids good habits. Sutherland’s description of the â€Å"American husband† is truly commendable and it really creates an animal-like image of Scott in the mind. The LRS training, which she uses on her husband to avoid any kind of behavioral response, works towards lowering the negativity between them. She successfully trained her husband to do what she expected of him just like the trained exotic animals she had been writing about. However, what is amusing is the fact that in the end Scott started training the American wife which reveals the fact that even animals can alter behavioral pattern of their trainers or masters. It is true that the behavioral pattern of any animal maybe altered with the help of ignorance, reinforment etc and description of how Sutherlands uses the same at home makes one laugh. However it made me think whether Sutherland’s initial intention was trying to improve her relation with Scott or simply try the animal tricks on humans? Is it right to actually train someone, especially an adult to alter behavior for the sake of saving a relation? Wouldn’t training make the trained person fake and disguise his/her true